Building block and wall.



No- 826,777. PATBNTED JULY 24, 1906;

J. A. FERGUSON. BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL.

APPLIGATION FILED NOV. 14. 1905.

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: JkrzAjkzyzwaa QX i muses mum attcwmeq No. 826,777.- PATENTED JULY 24, 1906.

J. A; FERGUSON. BUILDING- BLOCK AND WALL APPLIGATIOH P'ILED H0114, 1905.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 24, 1906.

Application filed November 14, 1905. Serial No. 287,294.

To'all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I,J0HN A. FERoUsoN, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Denver in the county of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Building Blocks and Walls, 0 which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in buildin blocks and walls, the latter whether ma e of blocks after they are made and cured or whether the wall is made by the use of molds or forms laid on-the course below which is already hardened, and tamping the material into these forms and withdrawing the latter to allow said material to cure and harden in position on the wall.

The present invention has for its objects, among others, to provide a multiple air-space construction of wall which may be built up of any required thickness with a stone facing or with any suitable outside as well as inside finish, the latter being metal lath, wood lath expanded metal, or other suitable material attached to the arms of the blocks by fastening devices embedded in the arms or the mortar 'oints. provide each with a single, arm or a multiplicity of arms, and these may be bonded in the wallin any suitable manner.

By the present construction I provide a wall having multiple air-spaces throughout the thickness of the wall and insure a strong and well-bonded construction suitable for all purposes and capable of being built u of previously-constructed blocks or by mol ing the same on the wall.

Other ob'ects and advantages of the invention wiil hereinafter ap ear, and the novel features thereof will e particularly pointed out in the appended claims. The invention is capable o embodiment in a variety of forms, some of which are herein illustrated.

The invention in its referred form is clearly illustrated in t e accompanying drawings, which, with the numerals of refer ence marked thereon, form a part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 is a plan view of a portion of a wall constructed in accordance with my resout invention. 1+ 2 is a similar view s owing another embo iment of the invention.

.Fig. 3 is a similar view of still another form.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a The facing-blocks may be wall such as is shown in Fig. 1. Fi 5 shows .in plan still another form of embo ent of the invention. Fig. 6 is a like view of still another form. Fig. 7, shows yet another form.- Fig. 8 shows a' similar view of the embodiment of the form shown in Fig. 7. 9 is a erspective view of a portion of a we 1 embo ng the invention and showing a portion of e metallic sheathing securedto the arms of the block. Fig. 10 shows a dif ferent form of wall em loying one-armed fac' -blocks. Fig. 11 sh of wa l employing similar blocks. j a pore ective view of a similar wall with a block acing on one side and lathing u on the other. Fi 13 illustrates another orm of wall embod vention.

wall, while 1 I4 is still another form of Fig. 15 illustrates another form ows another form Fig. 12 is 1 ing the essence of the present in- 'of wall embodying the same form of blocks as be deemed most expedient or as best suitedv to the character of wall to be constructed.

.In Fig. 1 the blocks 1 are laid with the. adjacent arms 2 ofadjacent blocks abutting, and the facing for the wall is composed of facing-blocks 3, eachhaving an arm 4 projecting at substantially right angles therefrom at its center. In laying the wall the arms 4 are disposed opposite the joints 5 between adjacent arms 2, while the joint 6, between the adjacent ends of ad'oinin blocks 3, come opposite the arm 0 the lock 1, extending at right angles to'the abutting arms 2. The opposite ace of the wall is composed of any suitable laster-retaining material 7, which may e wire netting as shown, or metalorwood lathing, or any of the materials commonly used for such purposes.

The plasterqetainingmaterial is secured to' the arms 2 of the block I by suitable means,

as metal stays or fastenings 8, embedded in' 9 be noted that-in each and even outer rows.

twice as large-as the air-spaces upon the op osite side of the abutting arms 2.

i n Fig. 2 I have illustrated a wall composed entirely of the blocks 1 with their arms 2, the blocks being arranged three in depth and the blocks upon the two faces of the wall having their arms 2 abutting, while the blocks in the intermediate row have their arms 2 abuttin and bonded between adjacent arms of t e blocks in the inner and The plaster-retaining anaterial 7 in this form is secured to the opposite faces of the well by metallic bonds or stays 8, embedded in the arms or mortar joints. It will be noted that in this form also the airsfiaces 9 are substantially twice the size of e air-spaces 10.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a wall composed of two rows of the blocks 1 with their arms 2, said wallybeing faced upon opposite sides with blocks 11, having each a single arm 12, the arms 12 ,and the arms of the blocks 1,

which extend in the same direction as said arms 12, having their opposite sides inelihed, as are also the sides of the arms 12. Said arms 12 overlap the oints between Mljl cent arms 2, and the adjacent ends oi ad joining blocks 11 come opposite the rightan led arms of the blocks 1. e

. n Fig. l I have shown substantially the form of wall shown in Fi 1, except that the plaster-retaining materia 7 is secured to the arms 2 of the blocks 1 by means of staples or the like 13, secured in blocks 14, molded into said arms.

In Fig. 5 I have blocks 1, having four arms, the arms 15 of which, however, arelonger til en the arms 1t: Thegouter face of this wall is composed of facing-blocks 17, each having a central long arm 18 and two short arms 19, one near each end. The? long arm 18 abuts against thead jacent ends of adjoining arms 15, while the short arms 19 engage the adjacent ends of the arms 16. 'lhe'opposite face of the wall may be of an desired nature. The short arms 19 are su stantially one-hell the thick-- ness of the arms 16, as shown. In this form the air-speces upon one side oi the s gns is are substantially twice the size of these open the other side.

In Fig. 6 is shown a wall composed of the blocks 1 with their arms 2, and facMg-blocks 20 upon opposite sides,'each of the facing blocks 20 havin a single central arm 21, the

adjacent ends 0 adjoining blocks 20 abutting "and engaging the arms 2 of the blocks. 1.

' In Fig. 7 is shown a wall of the same nature as that seen in Fig. 6, except that the facing-blocks 22, each with a sin lo central arm 23, are disposed with their on s between the adjacent arms 2 of the blocks N1 and the adjacent arms 23 abut and are disposed between the other arms 2 of said blocks 1, so that the outer faces of the 'facingeblooks are shown a wall composed sears? flush with the outer ends of the arms 2. In

are inclined and engage the oppositely-31m clined faces of the arms 2, making awedgejoint.

In Fig. 8 shownnnother variety of wall composed of the same form of blocks as in Fig. 7; but the blocks 1, with their arms 2, are confined entirely-between the faces and sunset the facingblocks 24," the arms 25 aibuttin as do the adjacent ends of the facing-bloc s, and the ends of the arms 2 of the blocks 1 being (fisposed within the spaces thus formed and abutting against the shuttin ends of the arms 25 and the ends of the facm -blocks.

In i 9 is shown a wall composed entirely of the blocks 1 with their arms 2, the blocks being two in depth, and the air-spaces Q inn one side of abutting arms being substanthe opposite side thereof '1 1e laster-retaming material 26 is secured to t 1e arms '2 by metallic stays 2] as seen at the left of said figure, which stays are embedded in the arms or mortar joints, or it may besecnred in place by stays engaged in t-he blocks 14, molded in the arms; as seen at the right of said View and as described above in semisotion with FigA.

It is to be understood that in all the forms oi wall above described-the blocks are laid in courses, one upon the other, so as to breal: joint, and the arms of the-blocks 1 and of the iecing blocks are bonded to each other and in the wall. I v

The facing-blocks maybe formed with one, two, three in" more arms, as may be found most expedient, all of such forms of facing with my blocks 1,

Fig. 10 shows one form of wall with e. one armed facing-block. In this form the blocks 1, with their arms 2, form the intermediate layer, and the lacing-blocks 28, each having an arm. 29 at one end at right angles thereto, constitut the inner and outer facings of the wall. In this form the arms 2.2 of the adjacent blocks 1 abut, and the arms 29 of two adjacent facing-blocks lie parallel with each other and abut against the abutting aims 2.

Y and the adjacent arms 2-9 'oithe facin -blocks on op osite sides of the wall abut an are resubstantially the same."

In Fig. 12 I have shown another form of one, 30, of which is shorter than the others this instants the ends of the facing-blocks 22 tially twice the size of the air-s aces 10 uponblocks being applicable for use in connection The adjacent en. s of two adjoining iseing In Fig. 1 1 I have shown awall composed of blocks, 32 at slightly differently arranged. In

oeive between the arms 2, the efiect being IIO wall in which the blocks 1 have "four arms,

and have secured thereto the lath or other plaster-retaining material 31, secured thereto y metal stays or the like 32. The facingblocks 28, with their arms 29, are arranged upon the opposite side of the wall in the same manner as are the similar arms in Fig. ill.

in the form shown in Fig. 1-3 the facing blocks 33 have each two ariins 34, one near each end, these armsengaging at opposite ends of two of the arms 2 of the blocks 1, the intermediate arm 2 engaging'the inner face of the facing-block at substantially its center. This form of construction may be employed either with a plaster-retaining material upon the face opposite the facing-blocks or, as seen in Fig. 15, with another row of facing blocks 35, each with a central arm 36 and two shorter end arms 37. In this instance the long arm 36 is disposed upon one side of the joint between two arms 2 of the blocksl and opposite the two adjacnt arms 34 of two facing-blocks 33 upon the opposite side of the wall, or, as seen in Fig. 14, if a thicker wall is desired, I employ two rows of blocks 1 and facing-blocks 33, with arms 34, upon opposite sides of the wall, or the one side may be provided with a plastenretaming material in lieu of the facing-blocks and secured to the arms 2 of the blocks 1. V v

From the above it will be seen that l have devised a most desirable form of wall and that in all the different embodiments hereinbefore described there is the generic feature or basic principle of the four armed blocks with a multiplicity of air-spaces in the depth. of the wall, with means for bonding. all the courses and a finish for both sides of the wall,

and while the forms of embodiment herein shown constitute what I at present consider the preferable ways of carrying out the invention I do not wish to be restricted to the details and. relative proportions of parts hereinbefore disclosed, but reserve the right to'make such changes, variations, and modi fications as come properly within the scope of the protection prayed.

'Whatl claim as new is 1. A wall comprising blocks each consisting of two intersecting portions having four arms at substantially right angles to each other, each block being of a height greater" than the length of any of itsarms, and a lac.-

ing to said wall composed of blocks having ri gilt-angled arm projecting from one side only thereof, with the arms bonded with the arms of the said blocks and their abutting ends disposed opposite the joints of the four-armed blocks.

2. A wall comprising blocks arranged in a multiplicity of rows horizontally, each hav- -ing four aims atsubstantially right an les to each other, said blocks being of a eight reatcr than the length of any of its arms, and lacing-blocks each having a plurality of arms projecting from one side only thereof and bonded into the wall with a plurality of arms of several of the first-mentioned blocks.

3. A wall comprising four-armed blocks each comprising two intersecting strips formed cfarms, and facing-blocks each having an arm bonded into the wall with a plura ity of the arms of several of the first-mentioned blocks, said four-armed blocks being of greater height than the len th of either of its arms, said wall having a p urality of airspaces in depth.

4. A wall composed of four-armed blocks each comprising two intersecting strips formed of arms, armed facing-blocks with which a bond for all courses is made and providing a hollow wall with aplurality of am spaces in depth, said four-armed blocks being of greater height than the length of either of its arms.

5. A wall composed of four-armed bloclrs, each comprising two intersecting strips formed of arms, armed facing-blocks for one side of the wall with which a bond for all courses is made and providing a hollow wall with a plurality of air-spaces in depth, said four-armed blocks being of greater height than the length of either of its arms, and means bonded into the opposite face of the wall, and having portions received between arms of the four-armed bloclis.

Signed by me at Denver, Colorado, this 9th day of November, 1905'.

JOHN A. FERGUSON.

Witnesses: v

-EMMA L. KEMP, NELLIE V. KNAPP. 

